Regarding the weather, cedar wood should be stained when the temperature is between 90 and 50 degrees F. The ideal time of year to stain cedar wood, according to decking experts, is spring because the temperature significantly impacts how quickly the stain dries after application. Regarding aesthetics, cedar wood is …Olympic Elite Transparent Waterproofing Stain and Sealer. The Olympic Elite Stain and Sealer is a top choice. It works great on cedar decks. This product protects your deck from water. The stain sinks deep into the wood. It gives a natural look to your cedar deck. The sealer fights against mold and mildew too.Protects the integrity of your wood deck for 3 years with fast, easy application. Penetrates bare wood, giving properly prepared decks excellent protection from sun and premature weathering. Contains agents which inhibit the growth of mildew on the surface of this paint film. Technologically advanced formula weathers similarly to oil-based stains.Support our channel if you find our content valuable https://square.link/u/VyzJUjCI How to tips to apply wood stain to a new cedar wood deck installation. Ti...Maintain the deck surface. 1. Proper Preparation. The first step to finishing a cedar deck properly is to prep the surface. Make sure cedar decking is dry. Sand the surface with 60- or 80-grit sandpaper. If working with a previously finished deck, it’s essential to clean the boards. For only slightly dirty decks, a brush and soapy water ...Apr 14, 2023 · BEST FOR PRESSURE WASHER: Karcher Pressure Washer Multipurpose Cleaner. BEST FOR MOLD AND MILDEW: Wet & Forget Outdoor Cleaner Concentrate. BEST FOR OIL AND GREASE: Oil Eater Original Cleaner and ... Ronseal Ultimate Decking Stain Cedar 2.5L.We have many unique wood stains to protect your siding, decks, and porches from the elements. Our different types of wood stain allow you to highlight certain parts of the wood. Get protection without covering the natural wood grain and texture with one of our toners. Mask the woodgrain and highlight the texture with one of our …You would think that the most expensive deck stains (some reaching $60+ per gallon) would be the longest-lasting, but this couldn’t be further from the truth. In addition, some stain manufacturers have 3-5 year warranty claims. In reality, this is just a marketing gimmick. No exterior stain will last 3-5 years on a horizontal surface.We have many unique wood stains to protect your siding, decks, and porches from the elements. Our different types of wood stain allow you to highlight certain parts of the wood. Get protection without covering the natural wood grain and texture with one of our toners. Mask the woodgrain and highlight the texture with one of our semi-solid stains. American Classic Cedar Semi-Transparent Exterior Deck Stain and Sealer. Add to Cart. Compare. More Options Available $ 48. 98 (4425) Model# 507701. BEHR PREMIUM. 1 ... Before even applying the stain, there are three things you need to do at this stage: Proper deck sanding. Make use of deck cleaners. Remove previous coating and debris. Using brighteners. The first thing you need to do is to get rid …Stain and sealer offers all-weather defense in just one coat. Ideal for use on decks, siding, fences and outdoor furniture. Transparent stain enriches color and wood grain with stronger protection. Provides mold and mildew resistant finish. Rain ready in four hours. UV defense against fading. Easy cleanup with soap and water. One coat …Find Available Deck Stains Find Available Siding Stains Your Sherwin-Williams {{storeData.address | sentenceCase}} {{storeData.city ... SW 3034 Cedar Exterior Solid Stain RGB Value R-167 | G-123 | B-87 Hexadecimal Value # A77B57 LRV 23. View all Exterior stain colorsThe first step to finishing your deck is choosing your finish. New dry cedar decking, not previously exposed to the elements, may be finished immediately. But if reapplying any product, you need to clean your deck using a brush and soapy water. If mold or mildew is present, it needs to be killed.The Cedar color we choose was much darker/redder than other brands. Preventing UV Graying at 2 Year Mark: 7. – Behr Deck Stain performed well in the areas where the stain was still on the surface of the deck after the 2 years of testing. Wear/Tear and Peeling: 3. – One of the worst stains that we have ever …Before staining the deck, make sure it dries for at least two days before applying stain or sealant. How to seal or stain a deck: Begin by applying deck stain or sealant to handrails using a paintbrush, starting at the top and working down to the deck surface. You can also apply stain with a paint sprayer.; Use a natural-bristle …Shop flood pre-tinted cedar transparent exterior wood stain and sealer (1-gallon)Lowes.com. Find a Store Near Me. Delivery to. Link to Lowe's Home Improvement Home Page Lowe's Credit Center Order Status Weekly Ad Lowe's PRO. ... 3000 Sq Foot Maximum Coverage Area Exterior Stains ...Cedar lumber supply is a popular choice for many homeowners and builders due to its natural beauty, durability, and resistance to decay. However, it’s essential to understand the d...Learn how to prolong the life, beauty, and appeal of your cedar wood deck with four simple steps: sanding, cleaning, picking the …Are you considering the Red Cedar Solid stain color for your next project? View Red Cedar ... Cabot® DeckCorrect is a solid resurfacer that prolongs the life of ...First, clean the deck appropriately, especially if it's been a few years since your last staining. You want to avoid using a pressure-washer because it could damage the boards. Instead, use your hose to spray any dirt off the deck. Then let it dry thoroughly. Next, sand any spots that need to be smoothed, and sweep away the dust.In today’s digital age, where news is readily available at our fingertips, it may seem easy to overlook the importance of traditional newspapers. However, for residents of Cedar Ra...Some stores that sell Sikkens deck stain are Home Depot and the Wood Stain & Finish Supply Center. Customers can also find authorized dealers by visiting the Perfect Wood Stain web...Cabot's 250ml Merbau Water Based Deck And Exterior Timber Stain (2) $13.95. Add to Cart. Compare. Sikkens 100ml Dark Oak Cetol FIlter 7 Plus Timber Stain (0) $12.30. ... Intergrain 250ml Cedar Cypress UltraDeck Timber Decking Stain (1) $18.90. Add to Cart. Compare. Cabot's 1L Maple Satin Water Based Stain And Varnish (2) $70.20.Tips on planning, preparing and applying deck stains, plus easy steps on how to clean up. Whether you're staining a new deck or restoring an old one, Sherwin-Williams' line of SuperDeck® deck stains, cleaning and maintenance products can help you achieve professional quality results. Before you begin your project, make sure you start off right.Sep 28, 2023 · How to Apply Ready SealWood Stain & Sealer. Surface must be clean of mildew, dust, dirt, oil and grease. All previous stains and sealers must be completely removed. Caustic strippers must be neutralized thoroughly. Rinse thoroughly with water. Before staining, wood must dry completely for 48 hours or more depending on weather conditions. Cabot Australian Timber Oil Pre-tinted Natural Transparent Exterior Wood Stain and Sealer (1-Gallon). Cabot Australian Timber Oil for decks, siding, railings and outdoor furniture is a unique blend of oils originally formulated to protect dense tallowwood, cambara and merbau from the extreme Australian exposures.We purchased this product to stain/seal the cedar deck and outdoor kitchen cover. As you can see, the contrasting stain selection and finished project is warm and inviting. Stain was easy to use and only required a one-coat application! We were so pleased with this product, we plan to purchase the 5-gallon container …Surface of wood should be dry to touch. Then clean the deck and apply the product in a single day. Entertain that same evening. Re-application in the following year is just as easy—just clean and re-apply the deck stain. Behr Premium Semi-Transparent Stain provides maximum protection against water and sun …Color applied on cedar deck. Choose an accent color. Start Over Back. Color applied on cedar deck. GET THIS LOOK! Base Color Product. Australian Timber Oil. Oil-based; 3-way oil protection for superior penetration; ... Always test stain on a hidden area of the wood to verify desired color. ...Toyota has long been known as a reliable and trusted brand in the automotive industry. When it comes to finding the perfect Toyota dealership in Cedar Park, TX, there are several f...SDS/TDS. Our most opaque finish that masks the grain of the wood without obscuring it. Provides the most shielding and color while covering most imperfections. Suitable for wood and composite deck and siding. Easy soap and water clean up. 100% acrylic latex. Available in 3,500+ unmatchable colors. Backed by Gennex Color Technology ®, our ...Jun 9, 2020 · Factors to Consider When Buying a Stain. Best Cedar Deck Stain Products Review. 1. Ready Seal 512 5-Gallon Pail Natural Cedar Exterior Stain and Sealer for Wood. 2. DEFY Extreme 5 Gallon Semi-Transparent Exterior Wood Stain, Cedar Tone. 3. Flood FLD520-05 5G CWF-UV Cedar 275 VOC. 4. Support our channel if you find our content valuable https://square.link/u/VyzJUjCI How to tips to apply wood stain to a new cedar wood deck installation. Ti...Whether the goal is to enhance cedar with a fresh color or to simply protect your investment, there is a stain that’s up to the task. Before selecting the stain, there are a few details to consider when shopping for the right product. The type of stain, the finished look, and the existing coating are all worth keeping in … See more The first step to finishing your deck is choosing your finish. New dry cedar decking, not previously exposed to the elements, may be finished immediately. But if reapplying any product, you need to clean your deck using a brush and soapy water. If mold or mildew is present, it needs to be killed. Best Deck Stain for Old Decks: SEAL-ONCE Nano+Poly Ready Mix Penetrating Wood Sealer & Stain. The SEAL-ONCE Nano+Poly Ready Mix Penetrating Wood Sealer & Stain is a highly rated product in the industry. It provides great protection against the sun, it’s mildew-resistant, and eliminates warping & cupping. It’s also great for protecting ... Cedar Solid Color Exterior Stain and Sealant in One. Add to Cart. Compare $ 19. 96 /quart (6) NewDeck. 1 qt. Water-Based Golden Cedar Infrared Reflective Wood Stain ... Related Searches. behr stain. outdoor wood stain and sealer. wood stain. deck stain and sealer. oil exterior wood stains. aerosol exterior wood stains. …Find Cabot's 5L Cedar Oil Based Deck and Exterior Stain at Bunnings. Visit your local store for the widest range of products.Your Wood Won’t Take Stain Because It’s Already Sealed. Wood stain works by penetrating the wood. It is not a product that sits on top of the wood; it soaks in and dries in the wood pores. If you’re wood has already been sealed by polyurethane or another finish, the wood stain won’t work, because it can’t reach the pores of the wood.List of tools and equipment, and order of operations for how to finish stain a cedar wood deck for DIY and contractors. Take the guesswork out of: brushes, staining blocks, rags, sprayers, etc. Learn …Cedar Naturaltone Transparent Waterproofing Exterior Wood Finish. WaterGuard 5 gal. Woodland Cedar Transparent Wood Stain and Sealer. 1 gal. Cedar Naturaltone Transparent Waterproofing Exterior Wood Finish. Elite 1 gal. Mountain Cedar Woodland Oil Transparent Stain and Sealant in One Low VOC.Take in consideration that wood and deck stain results may differ due to prepping procedures, different wood types, exposure to UV radiation, natural …On new decks, it is important to only apply one coat of oil-based deck finishes. First, heavily coat the open end grain of the boards. When brushing out a stain, it is good practice start at far end of the project and stain outward. Stain 1-2 boards at a time working the entire length while keeping a wed edge.Cedar Decks Pros and Cons. Here’s our guide to cedar decks pros and cons with information about different types, board sizes, cost, stain and maintenance. Cedar is a durable wood species that has been widely used for building houses and backyard decks. The wood has a natural resistance to insects, rot and resisting moisture.DEFY Deck Stain for Hardwoods is a synthetic, semitransparent wood stain specially formulated for use on smooth cedar, mahogany, redwood, and other dense or difficult to penetrate woods. This V.O.C. compliant, water-based formula penetrates deep into wood fibers providing maximum long-term protection … Explore Exterior Stain Colors. Bring new life to your deck with Sherwin-Williams staining products. Learn how to prepare your deck for staining with our helpful tutorials to ensure a long-lasting finish. American Classic Cedar Semi-Transparent Exterior Deck Stain and Sealer (3) $ 219. 82. Elite 5 gal. ST-2006 Chestnut Brown Semi-Transparent Exterior Stain and Sealant in One Low VOC (619) $ 229. 00. Elite 5 gal. ST-2011 Dark Mahogany Semi-Transparent Exterior Stain and Sealant in 1-Low VOC (619) $ 229. 00. WoodRx. 5 gal. 1 gal. F&P Cedar Exterior Wood Stain Finish and Preservative (4-Pack) (518) Questions & Answers (89) Hover Image to Zoom. Includes 4 gallons ( $49.99 /gallon) $199.96 /case. Save up to $100 on your qualifying purchase. Apply for a Home Depot Consumer Card. Stain All Sides of Cedar Decking. Some people make the mistake of leaving ends unsealed or the bottom of boards untreated. This simply allows moisture to soak in through the ends or bottom of the …Resurfaces properly prepared weathered wood and concrete by filling-in cracks and taming splinters, extending the life of your deck and living space so you can enjoy the outdoors. SOLID COLOR. This 100% acrylic formula seals out the elements, and the sun's harmful UV rays, for up to 10 yrs. on decks and up to 25 yrs. on fences …Jul 17, 2562 BE ... Cabot® Wood Toned Stain & Sealer is specially formulated with a unique blend of resin and oil to provide a superior, natural finish for bare ...Nov 22, 2021 · Scrub brush. Paintbrush or paint sprayer. The key to getting a high-quality deck stain is to prep the whole deck before applying any stain and sealer. For new cedar surfaces, like rough sawn cedar, your first step is to allow the wood to weather. 3-6 months is ideal. Penofin Deep Penetrating Oil Finish. – Best Overall. Buy on Amazon. While stains are usually bought for aesthetic purposes, other substances like oil treatments are used to protect the wood instead. These can help preserve the nature and overall quality of the wood for years to come.Decking Paint & Stain. Decking paint provides the option of adding protection to boards but also adding colour. Decking stain is ideal for reviving or restoring tired and old decking. Anti slip decking paint is the ideal product to create a non-slip surface for safer use. Choose from a variety of colours available from some of the industry's ...Allow 24 hours for a power-washed deck to dry before applying a stain, and allow the stain to dry for four hours before applying a second coat if it’s needed. After staining the de...Staining a cedar deck can give your deck a new life and a new luster under the sun. Staining your deck also adds a layer of protection, allowing your deck to last longer …Sep 30, 2021 · Best Affordable Stain For Exterior Siding – Krylon K03603000. Natural Cedar Tone Stain – Ready Seal 512 5-Natural Cedar Exterior Stain. Best Semi transparent Stain for Cedar Siding – #1 Deck Premium Stain. Best All- Weather Exterior Stain for Cedar Siding – Olympic Stain 56500-04. Exterior Stains. australian timber oil. Cabot® Australian Timber Oil®. Cabot® Australian Timber Oil® penetrates even dense exotic hardwoods in just one coat. With superfine pigments that never peel and resist brush marks, you’ll be able to enjoy a choice of 5 rich colors that won’t fade or scuff for years to come. Superior …A FEW TIPS BEFORE YOU GET STARTED STAINING YOUR DECK. Apply stain when air and wood surface temperatures are between 50°—90°F. Avoid applying in direct sunlight. Don’t apply stain if rain is in the forecast over the next 12—24 hours. Test a small area first and let it dry to make sure you’re pleased with the result.Jul 17, 2562 BE ... Cabot® Wood Toned Stain & Sealer is specially formulated with a unique blend of resin and oil to provide a superior, natural finish for bare ...DEFY also has a safe wood cleaner for docks and marinas called MarineSeal Wood Dock Cleaner. Use that first to clean the wood, then use a pressure washer to rinse it off. Once it’s dry, the wood is ready …Drying time. 2-6 h. Application method. Brush. VOC level. Low. Product code. 5010212547557. Cuprinol Ultimate Red cedar Matt Wood stain - B&Q for all your home and garden supplies and advice on all the latest DIY trends.Cedar decks require minimal upkeep. A simple cleaning to remove surface dirt once a year will go a long way to extending the service life of your deck. Soap and water will do in …Step #1: Consider the age and condition of your wood. The age and condition of your wood play an important role in choosing your stain. For example, solid opacity stain covers imperfections and is a great choice for older wood. Evaluating the approximate age and wear-and-tear level of your deck, fence or other exterior wood project is an ...Rust-Oleum Coppercoat Wood Preservative- Best Antifungal Formula. 7. Waterlox Original Sealer/ Finish — Best Classic Finish. 8. Seal Once Marine Deck Sealer — Best Marine Option. 9. Bonds One-Time Natural Wood Finish Preservative — Best Wood Sealer For Restoration. Best Deck Stain and Sealer Buyer’s Guide.From clear sealant to resurfacers, and every finish in between, Olympic Stains has the wood finish for any outdoor project. Clear Exterior Wood Stains. Clear waterproofing sealants provide durability, waterproofing protection, a mildew resistant coating, and industry-leading guarantees. Woodland Oil & Toner Colors.Mar 29, 2023 · The best deck stain is the Benjamin Moore ARBORCOAT Exterior Stain because of its high quality and protection against natural elements. For a more eco-friendly choice, we also love the Vermont Natural Coatings PolyWhey Exterior Penetrating Wood Stain, which is non-toxic and made from renewable resources. When To Stain Cedar Decking. Staining or sealing a cedar deck has different rules than decks using pressure-treated lumber. Since cedar is all-natural and chemical-free, it comes without any enhanced protection. Therefore, you should stain or seal your cedar decking within 2 to 3 months of installing the deck. Cedar is not exceptionally hard wood. DEFY Extreme Wood Stain is an extremely durable wood finish that helps protect against the damaging effects of the elements on all types of wood surfaces including decks, fences, wood siding, log homes, outdoor furniture, and other natural wood surfaces. For use on all wood types including pressure treated lumber, pine, cedar, redwood, mahogany ... There’s a bit of a science to determining how long to wait before staining cedar decks; however, as a rule of thumb, you must wait for 48 – 72 hours after cleaning. To determine dryness, you can use a moisture meter. Make sure that you do not stain your deck until the meter’s reading is below 19%. Take in consideration that wood and deck stain results may differ due to prepping procedures, different wood types, exposure to UV radiation, natural …Learn how to prolong the life, beauty, and appeal of your cedar wood deck with four simple steps: sanding, cleaning, picking the … Olympic ELITE: A premium wood stain and sealer. This transparent wood stain adds color while still allowing the wood grain and texture to show. This super-premium exterior wood stain is formulated to protect and enhance the natural look of wood while providing protection and beauty through all seasons and provides a powerful mold, mildew and algae-resistant finish. Are you considering the Red Cedar Solid stain color for your next project? View Red Cedar ... Cabot® DeckCorrect is a solid resurfacer that prolongs the life of ...Best Deck Stain for Old Decks: SEAL-ONCE Nano+Poly Ready Mix Penetrating Wood Sealer & Stain. The SEAL-ONCE Nano+Poly Ready Mix Penetrating Wood Sealer & Stain is a highly rated product in the industry. It provides great protection against the sun, it’s mildew-resistant, and eliminates warping & cupping. It’s also great for protecting ...Wood Deck Stain & Sealer: Application Method: Brush, Microbfiber Mop, Pad, Paint Sprayer, Pump-up Sprayer, Roller, Wipe On: Base Material: Oil Based: Color Family: Yellow: Color/Finish: Cedar Naturaltone: Dry to Touch (min.) ... I used this to pre-stain all the cedar fence boards for my new fence. This worked great although …Clump them together and use the random orbital to sand 3-4 spindles at a time on each side. This is way faster (and way less of a pain) than sanding each spindle individually. If your spindles can’t be removed, you can get away with sanding the exposed faces with a random orbital (facing the inside and outside of the deck) but you’ll have ...10 Tips for Staining Your Cedar · Pick your choice of staining. Cedarwood has a naturally dark brown color. It may be stained to achieve a wide range of hues. Natural, semitransparent, and colored or opaque …Get free shipping on qualified Semi-Transparent Exterior Wood Stains products or Buy Online Pick Up ... Natural Cedar Exterior Wood Stain and Sealer. Add to Cart. Compare $ 199 ... Model# 525. Ready Seal. Ready Seal 5 Gal. Dark Walnut/Flat Semi-Transparent Wood Deck Stain & Sealer. Add to Cart. Compare. More Options Available $ 48. 98 …The BEHR Premium Semi-Transparent Waterproofing Stain & Sealer provides mildew protection while waterproofing the surface. This stain protects your exterior wood surfaces from harsh weather conditions. ... #ST-533 Cedar Naturaltone Semi-Transparent Waterproofing Exterior Wood Stain and SealerLawn & Garden. The Best Deck Stains Tested in 2023. Deck stains can restore a deck and protect its wood, but choosing the right one can be confusing. I …Cedar deck: stain or not? Yes, cedar decks should always be stained with a semi-transparent penetrating deck stain. Deck stain protects the cedar against …Decking Paint & Stain. Decking paint provides the option of adding protection to boards but also adding colour. Decking stain is ideal for reviving or restoring tired and old decking. Anti slip decking paint is the ideal product to create a non-slip surface for safer use. Choose from a variety of colours available from some of the …
Cedar deck: stain or not? Yes, cedar decks should always be stained with a semi-transparent penetrating deck stain. Deck stain protects the cedar against …. Cats and dogs movies
The BEHR Premium Semi-Transparent Waterproofing Stain & Sealer provides mildew protection while waterproofing the surface. This stain protects your exterior wood surfaces from harsh weather conditions. This stain is ideal for decks, fences and siding and resists rain after 4 hours.Premier Extra Premixed Exterior Wood Stain, Solid, Cedar, 3.78-L/1-Gallon ... stained decks, siding, fences, patios and trim. ... 2 coats wereneeded for deck.Feb 12, 2024 · Defy Extreme Semi-Transparent Exterior Wood Stain is a good option for pressure-treated wood. While all deck stains should work on both hard and softwoods (hardwoods might need an extra coat or two), our best splurge option, the Cabot Australian Timber Oil Wood Stain, works particularly well on hardwoods. Splash some water on the wood and see if it absorbs into the wood or if it beads up and sits on top. Beading up would indicate there is some type of old failed stain on the wood that needs to be removed. To remove old deck stain from the wood you have to use a deck stripper. A quality deck stripper will break up and …Cedar Naturaltone Transparent Waterproofing Exterior Wood Finish. WaterGuard 5 gal. Woodland Cedar Transparent Wood Stain and Sealer. 1 gal. Cedar Naturaltone Transparent Waterproofing Exterior Wood Finish. Elite 1 gal. Mountain Cedar Woodland Oil Transparent Stain and Sealant in One Low VOC.May 7, 2021 · 3 /9. Before opening up the container of stain and getting the paintbrush wet, take a few steps that many DIYers miss. Sand the entire deck to remove any old stain, paint, or varnish from the wood ... Go with beauty that stands up to Mother Nature. Cabot® DeckCorrect is a solid resurfacer that prolongs the life of your deck. It’s easy to apply with a standard 3/8” roller and offers long-lasting coverage for wooden deck surfaces. Available in 50 colors, DeckCorrect protects from UV sun damage, extreme temperatures, rain & moisture.To get the stain between the boards we would first dip our foam brush into the stain. Then we wedged the brush in between the boards and wiggled it as far as we could to spread the stain in between the boards. We went through A LOT of brushes. We were lucky to get one whole pass across the deck with the same brush.Shop Cabot Red Cedar Solid Exterior Wood Stain and Sealer (1-Gallon) in the Exterior Stains department at Lowe's.com. Premium exterior stain offers maximum sun-blocking protection which hides most wood grain and lasts a long time. ... Ideal for use on all wood decking, outdoor furniture and fencing. CA Residents: Prop …We have many unique wood stains to protect your siding, decks, and porches from the elements. Our different types of wood stain allow you to highlight certain parts of the wood. Get protection without covering the natural wood grain and texture with one of our toners. Mask the woodgrain and highlight the texture with one of our …Maintain the deck surface. 1. Proper Preparation. The first step to finishing a cedar deck properly is to prep the surface. Make sure cedar decking is dry. Sand the surface with 60- or 80-grit sandpaper. If working with a previously finished deck, it’s essential to clean the boards. For only slightly dirty decks, a brush and soapy water ...First, clean the deck appropriately, especially if it's been a few years since your last staining. You want to avoid using a pressure-washer because it could damage the boards. Instead, use your hose to spray any dirt off the deck. Then let it dry thoroughly. Next, sand any spots that need to be smoothed, and sweep away the dust.From clear sealant to resurfacers, and every finish in between, Olympic Stains has the wood finish for any outdoor project. Clear Exterior Wood Stains. Clear waterproofing sealants provide durability, waterproofing protection, a mildew resistant coating, and industry-leading guarantees. Woodland Oil & Toner Colors.Rust-Oleum Coppercoat Wood Preservative- Best Antifungal Formula. 7. Waterlox Original Sealer/ Finish — Best Classic Finish. 8. Seal Once Marine Deck Sealer — Best Marine Option. 9. Bonds One-Time Natural Wood Finish Preservative — Best Wood Sealer For Restoration. Best Deck Stain and Sealer Buyer’s Guide..