Ethical fashion brands. Estimated value of the ethical fashion market worldwide from 2022 to 2027 (in million U.S. dollars) ... Premium Statistic Frequency consumers check brands' sustainability practices in selected ...REER3. Rated: Good. Founded by a Brazilian-born fashion designer and artist based in Germany, REER3 stands for slow fashion streetwear in a reduced design, produced more sustainably. It uses lower-impact dyes and materials such as organically grown, GOTS certified cotton and recycled polyester, and it's 100% vegan.Veja is a French brand designing ecological and fair trade footwear, and is also a responsible fashion pioneer. The brand uses lower-impact materials, like GOTS certified cotton and vegetable-tanned leather. Veja pays its co-operative cotton growers and rubber tappers between 30% and 100% above the world market price.CHNGE is a sustainable fashion brand that markets the same casual street style as Supreme while using organic materials. The brand has a labour rating of ‘Great’ and supports social movements like Black Lives Matter. The Black Butterfly Quote Hoodie is an excellent alternative to any Supreme hoodie! Sizes: 2XS-2XL.14 Ethical & Sustainable African Fashion Brands You Need To Know - Okayplayer. Collage images via Instagram. 14 Ethical & Sustainable African Fashion …Feb 27, 2024 ... Top 10 Affordable Sustainable Fashion Brands · 1. Pact · 2. Kotn · 3. Boody · 4. CHNGE · 5. Honest Basics · 6. Dilly Sock...Go Classic: Invest in key pieces that you will reach for time and time again. These can include a white shirt, black slip dress and the perfect pair of jeans.51. Dauntless. Dauntless is a female-founded and run sustainable clothing brand specialising in women’s clothing. This PETA approved brand is elegant and considered. Their goal is to challenge the perception that ethical brands have poor design—and we think do achieve this goal.Here are 10 covetable Canadian-made ethical brands to get you started Thief & Bandit . Made in Halifax in a beautiful studio-shop using small batches of eco-friendly fabrics, designer Amie Cunningham’s screenprints of her original drawings beautifully blur the line between art and fashion on a variety of pieces, including …Oct 18, 2021 · The report assessed the ethical practices of 98 Australian, New Zealand and international companies, representing 42o fashion brands. It is the most comprehensive ethical fashion report for ... 12. Maisha Concept. Maisha Concept is a sustainable fashion brand based in Singapore for the woman who loves prints, travel and culture. Meaning “giving life” in Swahili, Maisha’s contemporary designs aim to resurrect the culture, heritage and skill of local artisans and textile manufacturers across the globe.So if you want to make conscious choices and pay closer attention to how your clothes are made, here’s a list of 10 Indian clothing brands that are sustainable and ethical. 1. Doodlage Doodlage. This unique eco-fashion brand was founded by Kriti Tula in 2012, and offers comfortable garments for men, women and kids with a high-style quotient.Sep 13, 2023 · Eileen Fisher. Pioneering sustainability in the fashion industry, Eileen Fisher strives for circularity in design. The brand invests in renewable fibers and dyes, adopts water-saving processes, and operates an impressive take-back program called Renew. 4. House of Marici. The average score of 250 of the world’s largest fashion brands creeps up by 2 percentage points to just 26%. For the first time in 2023, two brands scored 80% or higher. However, 70 out of 250 brands (28%) still score in the 0-10% range.Jul 9, 2022 ... Six ethical and sustainable fashion brands and platforms from the region · The Giving Movement · Sadeem · Wild Fabrik · Lea the Label &m...Australia is packed with covetable ethical fashion brands, all of which offer something a little bit different. Although no fashion brand is 100 per cent ethical or sustainable — the industry on ...As of April 2015, Athletic Works brand clothing is only found through third-party resale sites such as Amazon.com, eBay and Swap.com. Formerly one of Wal-Mart’s exclusive brands, i...Boody is a green and ethical brand that makes its clothing from organically grown bamboo. Boody uses recycled packaging, supports 1% For The Planet movement and is Oeko Tex Standard 100 certified. 24. Nudie Jeans. Nudie Jeans is one of the best ethical fashion brands when it comes to eco-friendly denim.Brands publishing emissions targets: The Ethical Fashion Report 2021 found that only 29% of companies have targets and decarbonisation plans in place across their whole supply chain. Moreover, 38% of companies have …Culthread is a UK sustainable fashion brand specializing in vegan and recycled puffer jackets, and stylish deadstock vegan leather coats. They also have a small collection of bags made from their …Apr 17, 2023 ... Best sustainable fashion brands in Singapore · 1. Maisha Concept · 2. Lily & Lou · 3. Sui · 4. Our Barehands · 5. Indosole &...Looking for sustainable and ethical fashion brands? Explore our brand ratings, see what makes our brands different, and shop the best sustainable fashion brands. No greenwashing here. Our Certified brands excel in transparency, fair labor, and sustainability. So you can vote with your wallet and shop guilt free.Closing Thoughts On Ethical & Sustainable Clothing Brands. Choosing sustainable and ethical alternative clothing brands is one way to ensure a more ethical and eco-friendly lifestyle. As the opinion of fast fashion continues to shift, these conscious clothing brands show how to have stylish, well-made clothes that needn’t cost the earth.Apr 29, 2022 · Tshepo Jeans. Tshepo Jeansis a South African ethical fashion brand that makes ready-to-wear denim. As a third generation storyteller, founder Tshepo Mohlala was drawn to denim because of its durable and trans-seasonal nature, as well as the fact that everyone has a story to tell about their jeans. Mar 23, 2023 · REER3. Rated: Good. Founded by a Brazilian-born fashion designer and artist based in Germany, REER3 stands for slow fashion streetwear in a reduced design, produced more sustainably. It uses lower-impact dyes and materials such as organically grown, GOTS certified cotton and recycled polyester, and it's 100% vegan. Many handymen and other home services request payment in cash or check made out to an individual. Are there legal or ethical reasons not to oblige? By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to...In this guide, we investigate, score and rank the ethical and environmental record of 44 high-street brands. We also look at the problem with fast-fashion, workers' rights, shine a light on the ethics of Boohoo and Shein, and give some recommended buys. By Alex Crumbie Last updated: Wednesday 18th of August 2021.Boody. Boody is an ethical fashion label that produces a range of stylish and sustainable clothing for women, men and children. The brand prides itself on creating quality garments from luxuriously soft bamboo fabric, which helps to reduce its environmental impact in comparison to conventional cotton fabrics.It uses GOTS certified organic cotton and repurposed fabrics to create environmentally and ethically responsible products. 6. Kaleidoscope By Mimi. Kaleidoscope By Mimi is an ethical fashion label from the UAE that creates socially conscious clothing for women of …Mar 7, 2022 · The best sustainable fashion brands that make ethical clothing and accessories, like Everlane, thredUP, H&M, Patagonia, Levi's, and affordable ethical fashion brands. cylwexverizon lte internet and home Jan 4, 2024 · Pact. For: Men, Women & Children. Categories:All Clothing (Basics) Price: $20-148. Size Range: XS-XXL. Probably one of the most affordable organic brands, Pact has you covered on any basic piece you can think of. I love their lace underwear and bras, and their collection of sweaters make the fall and winter so cozy. Jan 11, 2023 · You can shop from Stella McCartney online, from a wide range of stockists online, or in two of her flagship stores in London. Shop Stella McCartney. 15. Hope + Story. Sustainability: Made in the UK clothing brands and homeware brands. Specialising in: Clothing, homeware, accessories, gifts. Location: Birmingham. Aug 31, 2021 · Size Range | UK 6–22; 3.5–8.5 for shoes. Price Range | £–£££. For three decades, Boden has been boldly mixing fun, style, and sustainability. Based in West London, the brand works with partners across Turkey, China, and India to ethically produce everything from children’s playwear to women’s workwear. ASHES Organic Cotton Dress - Khaki £75.00 £100.00. LILA Tencel Linen Blend Trousers Khaki £90.00. REINA - Organic Cotton Cord Dress Chestnut £80.00 £110.00. REINA - Organic Cotton Cord Dress Soft Ivy £80.00 £110.00. LEONI - Organic Cotton Cord Miniskirt Chestnut £70.00. LEONI - Organic Cotton Cord Miniskirt Dark …These brands have dresses at $150-$200, for example, which is the same price as many smaller ethical fashion brands. Consider cost per wear . While fast fashion looks cheap on the surface, it’s not so affordable if the piece falls apart after 3 wears.A major reason why, according to Gordon Renouf, the CEO of the fashion ethics comparison app Good on You, is that so many western brands have “moved from onshore production 40 years ago to ...In this guide, we investigate, score and rank the ethical and environmental record of 44 high-street brands. We also look at the problem with fast-fashion, workers' rights, shine a light on the ethics of Boohoo and Shein, and give some recommended buys. By Alex Crumbie Last updated: Wednesday 18th of August 2021.For more information on how we choose the brands for the directory, send us an email. Dressember Foundation. [email protected]. Hours. Join Our Mailing List. Email Address. SIGN UP. Thank you for supporting the fight to end human trafficking!What defines an ethical clothing brand these days? Ethical fashion generally covers a wide range of criteria and is an umbrella term for what usually involves the following practices and philosophies:. Traceable or local sources of raw materials (e.g. organic cotton or hemp) Man-made textiles using sustainable fibres such as wood pulp how to remove a cast iron tubsquare backpack Feb 8, 2024 · FRANC. Rated: Good. FRANC is a Canadian brand that makes basics so you can enjoy a complete wardrobe built on timeless essentials. The brand ranks "Good" on all fronts: it uses lower-impact materials, traces and visits its supply chain, and uses no animal products. Find most products in sizes XS-3XL. Jan 13, 2022 ... It's not as if “sustainability” isn't on the agenda for fashion companies. Statements from fast fashion brands such as Primark (a retailer of ...12. Maisha Concept. Maisha Concept is a sustainable fashion brand based in Singapore for the woman who loves prints, travel and culture. Meaning “giving life” in Swahili, Maisha’s contemporary designs aim to resurrect the culture, heritage and skill of local artisans and textile manufacturers across the globe. 5 stage reverse osmosis system With its mission to end poverty, Baptist World Aid Australia has published the Ethical Fashion Guide since 2013. As one of Australia’s leading publications on ethical fashion, the Ethical Fashion Guide helps consumers make better choices based on thorough data from almost 100 companies representing more than 400 brands.Sustainable fashion builds on the concept of sustainable development, which the UN defined in 1987 as “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. The intended meaning of the term “sustainable fashion” is often noble. When campaigners and experts … how to make money from your phoneno salt water softenerwinter tire sale Ethical Made Easy is the hub for all things ethical living. We help conscious consumers navigate ethical fashion, homewares, beauty and more with our ethical brand directory; we offer insightful, well-researched articles about the things that matter to you; and we provide you with simple, digestible, non-judgemental tips and resources to help you …Aia Jacket – Ships internationally from Spain. Thanks to recycled materials like rescued ocean plastic, Ecoalf creates more sustainable fashion with the same quality, design, and technical properties as the best non-recycled ones. Find the range in sizes XS-2XL. See the rating. Shop Ecoalf @ Farfetch. Shop Ecoalf.Metaverse fashion is on the rise with digital-only and legacy brands alike entering the virtual world. Trusted by business builders worldwide, the HubSpot Blogs are your number-one... fnl movie Sep 4, 2023 · Many more ethical brands are trying to pave the way for transparent and fair supply chains on a global scale, making sure that every person involved in the production process of fashion is treated with respect, paid accordingly to their workforce, and gets to work in a safe environment. create t3 app Herne Hill. Best for clothes to warm your cockles. Lowie began life in 2002 as a knitwear brand, but these days it’s a mini ethical empire, stocking the best in hip, sustainable womenswear ...Medical Ethics in Death - Medical ethics in death concern end-of-life decisions like health care power of attorney and living wills. Learn about medical ethics in death. Advertisem...Dame. Leading the way for sustainable period products, Dame launched the first reusable tampon applicator (£23.80, Boots.com ), which has saved more than 2.5 million single-use ones from being ...Elizabeth Suzann is an excellent example of an ethical brand. It has confirmed that its lowest wage is $15 an hour (more than double the minimum wage in Nashville, Tennessee, where the business ...4. Ally Fashion. Ally Fashion. 5. Anthea Crawford. some garments accredited with Ethical Clothing Australia. Anthea Crawford ( Lew Group) 5. monos backpackpiano tabs If you’re looking for clothing that will help you stay warm and comfortable while you’re out exploring the great outdoors, look no further than Carhartt. When you are out exploring...Mar 7, 2022 · The best sustainable fashion brands that make ethical clothing and accessories, like Everlane, thredUP, H&M, Patagonia, Levi's, and affordable ethical fashion brands. There is a strong ethical and sustainable focus throughout the brand; they use unwanted fabric scraps, weaving it into new textural materials to use for rugs and bags. Begun in 2007, in one of the Philippines’ largest urban poor communities where artisans were being paid scandalously low wages to produce woven items. cost of luxury vinyl plank flooring Looking for sustainable and ethical fashion brands? Explore our brand ratings, see what makes our brands different, and shop the best sustainable fashion brands. No greenwashing here. Our Certified brands excel in transparency, fair labor, and sustainability. So you can vote with your wallet and shop guilt free.Founded in Paris by the visionary trunk-maker Louis Vuitton, the brand’s signature monogram and commitment to craftsmanship have defined fashion for over a century. The appointment in 2018 of the late Virgil Abloh as Louis Vuitton’s artistic director of menswear shook up the 164-year-old French fashion house, as well as the whole … Boody is a green and ethical brand that makes its clothing from organically grown bamboo. Boody uses recycled packaging, supports 1% For The Planet movement and is Oeko Tex Standard 100 certified. 24. Nudie Jeans. Nudie Jeans is one of the best ethical fashion brands when it comes to eco-friendly denim. moving costs cross countrygames like clash of clans Explore more than 400 popular fashion brands, see which ones are trying to make a difference in the world and which ones aren’t. When certifications aren’t available, manufacturing country is an important indicator of the ethical values of a given brand, in fact some countries have better laws than others, which can guarantee more fair working conditions for the employees, and a stronger ... Ethical & Sustainable Fashion Brands to Discover Now. Photo 1 of . Comhla. Founded with the mantra ‘Buy Well, Mend and Extend’, Comhla is a shopping platform that puts ethical brands in the spotlight. Headed up …Almasanta. Carefully selected by their stylists, Almasanta is a collection of ethical clothing brands from all over the world. Through product, packaging, transparency, communication and their co-operation, they try to be 100% eco-friendly. Line: Women’s clothes, gym wear, Lingerie and accessories. Price: ££."In five years, Amy Powney has turned her fashion brand, Mother of Pearl, into one of the most sustainable - and wearable - clothing labels in the country, and ... Explore more than 400 popular fashion brands, see which ones are trying to make a difference in the world and which ones aren’t. When certifications aren’t available, manufacturing country is an important indicator of the ethical values of a given brand, in fact some countries have better laws than others, which can guarantee more fair working conditions for the employees, and a stronger ... Ethical Made Easy is the hub for all things ethical living. We help conscious consumers navigate ethical fashion, homewares, beauty and more with our ethical brand directory; we offer insightful, well-researched articles about the things that matter to you; and we provide you with simple, digestible, non-judgemental tips and resources to help you adopt a more …Founded in 2013, RE-BELLO is an Italian fashion brand that aims to help customers be more aware of and sensible towards environmental issues. The brand puts into practice the idea of a truly sustainable clothing brand where design, sustainability and transparency go hand in hand. Find the collection in sizes XS to XL.Wolf and Badger is a British brand that has been making waves in the fashion industry in recent years. Founded in 2010 by brothers Henry and George Graham, Wolf and Badger is a uni... hood river or Ethical brand Komodo has styles for both men and women that are relaxed while still embodying a classic elegance. The brand creates timeless designs, such as the Katty Jumper and Ronin Jacket. It uses high quality materials and pays attention to every detail. Since the 80s, Komodo has been an ethical name in British fashion.Shop sustainable fashion brands like Madewell, Reformation, REI, and Outdoor Voices, all of whom employ sustainable clothing-making practices. ... ABLE is an ethical brand that employs, empowers ...These brands have dresses at $150-$200, for example, which is the same price as many smaller ethical fashion brands. Consider cost per wear . While fast fashion looks cheap on the surface, it’s not so affordable if the piece falls apart after 3 wears.Feb 27, 2024 ... Top 10 Affordable Sustainable Fashion Brands · 1. Pact · 2. Kotn · 3. Boody · 4. CHNGE · 5. Honest Basics · 6. Dilly Sock... cactus man DAHMER and The Gabby Petito Story are just two recent examples of questionable true crime programming.1. Beaumont Organic. Made in: Portugal. Range: Smart casual, essentials, outerwear, footwear, activewear. Price: £45 – 270. Sustainability creds: Uses GOTS-certified organic cotton, OEKO-TEX certified materials, and Responsible Wool Standard wool. Beaumont Organic is one of Manchester’s most well-known sustainable brands, offering a wide ...15 Sustainable and Ethical Fashion Brands in Hong Kong. 1. Basics for Basics. Established by Kayla Wong, Basics for Basics is driven to minimise fashion’s carbon footprint, using surplus fabrics and organic cotton to create simple essentials ranging from graphic T-shirts, Sunday dresses and tank tops to hoodies and sweaters. can turnitin detect chatgpt Price Range: $45–$1,900. Swedish denim brand Nudie Jeans offers urban staples for men, women, and kids. You’ll find jeans, jackets, tees, shirts, sweatshirts, pants, shorts, and jumpsuits. Some pairs, like the high-waisted Clean Eileen, are made from deadstock fabrics and provide a loose fit with a wide-leg opening.My friend and I are building a fashion shopping app/aggregator solely for sustainable and ethical fashion brands. Kinda stumbled into this after spending hours looking for new clothes because I've been trying to be more conscious in buying fashion. The plan is to launch on Earth Day, April 22, 2024 (tentative) and get at least a 1000 sign-ups ... With its mission to end poverty, Baptist World Aid Australia has published the Ethical Fashion Guide since 2013. As one of Australia’s leading publications on ethical fashion, the Ethical Fashion Guide helps consumers make better choices based on thorough data from almost 100 companies representing more than 400 brands. Planet fashion: the 10 coolest ethical fashion brands. (From left) Pangaia; SZ Blockprints; Birdsong. Photograph: Comp. Some labels are showing how fashion can put the planet first. To...Jul 20, 2023 · Rated: Good. Goat Organic Apparel is a no-nonsense brand that features honest and organic apparel. This Dutch brand's motto is “sustainability is not sustainable if it’s not accessible”, which we love. The brand stocks womenswear, menswear, and kidswear, and all its collections are vegan. Find sizes S-XL. Gudrun Sjödén is a renowned clothing brand that has gained recognition for its unique designs, vibrant colors, and commitment to ethical practices. With a strong focus on sustainab... ryan pet suppliesjingyuan honkai star rail Our Top Picks of Ethical Clothing Brands in New Zealand 2023. Following is a curated list of some in-demand ethical clothing brands in New Zealand selling ethical fashion worth spending your money on! …There is a strong ethical and sustainable focus throughout the brand; they use unwanted fabric scraps, weaving it into new textural materials to use for rugs and bags. Begun in 2007, in one of the Philippines’ largest urban poor communities where artisans were being paid scandalously low wages to produce woven items.Ethical fashion brand ABLE has slow clothing and fair trade accessories made ethically by makers around the world. ABLE is leading the way for transparency in the fashion industry by publishing their wages. They have their ABLE Signatures, which are foundational wardrobe pieces like white t-shirts, alongside their pretty blouses, cozy …Jan 12, 2022 · Why we love them: A leader in ethical practices, Patagonia was the founding member of 1% for the Planet. Product range: Best eco friendly brand for men’s and women’s adventure gear, casual wear, outerwear, sustainable swimwear, and eco friendly luggage and bags. Available: Patagonia. 18. Carhartt is a brand that has become synonymous with durability, quality, and functionality. For over 125 years, Carhartt has been providing workers with reliable and rugged workwea...The Most Sustainable and Ethical Luxury Fashion Brands. Luxury fashion is a tough term to define. It could mean something different for everyone. It could refer to a high price, exclusivity and uniqueness, high-quality materials, design, or craftsmanship. Because of these associations, and the assumption that people will naturally buy fewer ...Last on our list of the most sustainable fashion brands, Stella McCartney’s commitment to advocating for sustainable and ethical fashion has made it one of the eco-friendliest luxury brands on the market. The fashion label has long been using eco-conscious materials, non-toxic dyes and polyester recycled from plastic bottles. Search sustainability ratings for thousands of fashion brands. Learn their impact on people, planet and animals. Discover new ethical clothing labels. Megan Huntz is a sustainable clothing brand and fashion designer that offers contemporary and timeless apparel ethically made in the USA for the modern woman. Megan Huntz uses organic materials such as linen to create luxurious, 100% natural dresses, sweatshirts, blazers, tops, and many other premium wardrobe-essentials.Kowtow. A Kiwi favourite, Kowtow tick four key ethical values—sustainable, fair, transparent and gender equality. Founded by Gosia Piatek in 2007, the brand is committed to sustainable fabrics, ethical manufacturing and being environmentally conscious with their processes.How Australian brands fared in the 2021 Ethical Fashion Report. drag. The Baptist World Aid Australia Ethical Fashion Report sought to investigate the impacts of COVID and climate change on the industry in 2021.Brands publishing emissions targets: The Ethical Fashion Report 2021 found that only 29% of companies have targets and decarbonisation plans in place across their whole supply chain. Moreover, 38% of companies have …Ethical Made Easy is the hub for all things ethical living. We help conscious consumers navigate ethical fashion, homewares, beauty and more with our ethical brand directory; we offer insightful, well-researched articles about the things that matter to you; and we provide you with simple, digestible, non-judgemental tips and resources to help you adopt a more … fastest suv The most unethical clothing companies are mainly popular multinational and e-commerce brands like Victoria’s Secret, GAP, Fashion Nova, Uniqlo, Forever 21, Nike, Adidas, Disney, H&M that have been exposed to multiple unethical practices – including labor exploitation and/ or forced labor. It’s time we stopped supporting these unethical ...So if you want to make conscious choices and pay closer attention to how your clothes are made, here’s a list of 10 Indian clothing brands that are sustainable and ethical. 1. Doodlage Doodlage. This unique eco-fashion brand was founded by Kriti Tula in 2012, and offers comfortable garments for men, women and kids with a high-style quotient.Why we love them: A leader in ethical practices, Patagonia was the founding member of 1% for the Planet. Product range: Best eco friendly brand for men’s and women’s adventure gear, casual wear, outerwear, sustainable swimwear, and eco friendly luggage and bags. Available: Patagonia. 18. trade my phone for another phone Sep 16, 2020 ... 14 Fashion Brands That Are Actually Both Stylish And Sustainable · 4 comments · 14. Outerknown aims to create sustainable style that's made well&... The way brands are distributed on our rating scale gives an indication of the need for more change. Of the thousand or so large brands that we have rated: 85% are either 1/5 (“We Avoid”) or 2/5 (“Not Good Enough”) 15% are 3/5 (“It’s a Start”) <1% have received a 4/5 rating (“Good”) or higher. To dive deeper into our ratings ... REER3. Rated: Good. Founded by a Brazilian-born fashion designer and artist based in Germany, REER3 stands for slow fashion streetwear in a reduced design, produced more sustainably. It uses lower-impact dyes and materials such as organically grown, GOTS certified cotton and recycled polyester, and it's 100% vegan. mccreemeditation certification Ethical brand Komodo has styles for both men and women that are relaxed while still embodying a classic elegance. The brand creates timeless designs, such as the Katty Jumper and Ronin Jacket. It uses high quality materials and pays attention to every detail. Since the 80s, Komodo has been an ethical name in British fashion.Find out which fashion brands are leading the way in ethical and eco-friendly practices, from fiber to fabric, labor to shipping. Whether you need basics, activewear, … how to regrow eyebrows These ethical fashion brands thrive on creating utterly unique ensembles wrapped in eco-friendly practices to minimize fashion’s environmental impact. Whether you are a pro or a newbie to the ethical shopping game, one thing is sure. Our choices matter! In a world where the fashion industry is the second-largest polluter (right after the oil ...Find out which US-based fashion brands are rated \"Good\" or \"Great\" for their ethical and environmental practices. From vegan leather bags to organic cotton basics, these brands are making a positive impact …Victoria Beckham, formerly known as Posh Spice of the Spice Girls, has established herself as a renowned fashion designer and businesswoman in the fashion industry. She has built a...A.BCH is a circular fashion and ethical clothing brand offering an evergreen collection of elevated and sustainable garments. Its clothing line includes basic menswear, womenswear, and gender-neutral clothing made using traceable organic and recycled materials. The label also offers customizations and wardrobe consultations to help you …The average score of 250 of the world’s largest fashion brands creeps up by 2 percentage points to just 26%. For the first time in 2023, two brands scored 80% or higher. However, 70 out of 250 brands (28%) still score in the 0-10% range.Skydance is a handmade clothing brand from Poland that creates ethical clothing in multiple colors. It uses high-quality, durable materials that are incredibly soft and comfortable. ... Rebel Madness is a Polish fashion brand specializing in corsets made from the finest materials to pay attention to details and high quality. It proudly ...Jan 14, 2024 · Need To Know: Levi’s biggest goal has been ethical sourcing and corporate integrity. In 2016 Levi Strauss was announced the most ethical company by the Ethisphere Institute. View Levi’s on Amazon. #3. Everlane. The Brand: Everlane founded ethical clothing that makes a difference, without sacrificing style. Looking for sustainable and ethical fashion brands? Explore our brand ratings, see what makes our brands different, and shop the best sustainable fashion brands. No greenwashing here. Our Certified brands excel in transparency, fair labor, and sustainability. So you can vote with your wallet and shop guilt free.Almasanta. Carefully selected by their stylists, Almasanta is a collection of ethical clothing brands from all over the world. Through product, packaging, transparency, communication and their co-operation, they try to be 100% eco-friendly. Line: Women’s clothes, gym wear, Lingerie and accessories. Price: ££.Sustainable Style. 17 Sustainable Clothing Brands to Shop Now and Wear Forever. From Stella McCartney to Girlfriend Collective, look no further than our … striping parking lot About MagicLinen. Price Range: $20–$149 MagicLinen has alchemized sustainable, ethical fashion.. Through Lithuanian stone-washed linen, the not fast fashion brand produces exceptional tops, …Founded back in 2008, the well-established brand produces men’s shoes and accessories in certified and ethical factories in Portugal. With the environment and durability in mind, Nae explores materials such as piñatex, cork, organic cotton, recycled PET, and vegan leather. Shop Nae footwear – 15% off with code NAE15.Sustainable fashion builds on the concept of sustainable development, which the UN defined in 1987 as “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. The intended meaning of the term “sustainable fashion” is often noble. When campaigners and experts … hulu vs youtubetv Unethical and ethical business practices can both make money legally, but while ethical business can be more difficult to conduct it also builds longer-lasting customer relationshi...Lake Atitlan Weaving School. Weaving Schools and classes are by Lema Weaving Associationis one of the first Weaving Association formed in Lake Atitlan after the Guatemala Civil War. You can email me at: [email protected]. What’s App +502 4467 9981. Contact Ethical Fashion Guatemala 502 4467 9981. Boody is a green and ethical brand that makes its clothing from organically grown bamboo. Boody uses recycled packaging, supports 1% For The Planet movement and is Oeko Tex Standard 100 certified. 24. Nudie Jeans. Nudie Jeans is one of the best ethical fashion brands when it comes to eco-friendly denim. Apr 14, 2023 · Culthread is a UK sustainable fashion brand specializing in vegan and recycled puffer jackets, and stylish deadstock vegan leather coats. They also have a small collection of bags made from their signature puffer material. Culthread makes it possible to enjoy classic, comfortable pieces that align with your values. 12. tool repair shop Mar 27, 2019 · Ethical fashion brands that put the welfare of animals, people, and the planet first are needed now more than ever. As fast fashion poisons workers, water resources, and “nearly three-fifths of all clothing produced ends up in incinerators or landfills within years of being made”, we need creative change-makers who can realise durable clothing, reuse materials, and repair, repurpose, and ... Which are the real ethical clothing brands? Ethical ratings for 24 UK ethical clothes brands, with Best Buy recommendations. See how brands rate on key areas including …106. January 2, 2023. Sustainable Fashion 101. Ethical Clothing Brands, Ethical Fashion, Garment Workers, is made in america ethical, Made in the USA, Made in USA. Sweatshop labor & inhumane working conditions exist in clothes made in the USA. Here's how we can make the American fashion industry more ethical. Plus 9 ethical brands made in …Culthread is a UK sustainable fashion brand specializing in vegan and recycled puffer jackets, and stylish deadstock vegan leather coats. They also have a small collection of bags made from their …Top Picks For Sustainable Clothing Brands, UK. One of the most ethical clothing brands UK readers have access to, Yes Friends aims to make eco-friendly fashion accessible to all with their cheap, sustainable clothing made from organic materials. Thought’s focus on organic materials and fair trade production, while maintaining a …Rated: Good. Groceries Apparel is a California-based fashion brand that uses discarded food scraps, including carrot tops, pomegranate rinds, used coffee grounds, avocado seeds, onions skins, roots, plants, and flowers to create organic and non-toxic wardrobe essentials. Find most items in sizes XS-3XL. See the rating."In five years, Amy Powney has turned her fashion brand, Mother of Pearl, into one of the most sustainable - and wearable - clothing labels in the country, and ...Studio Pia is a beautiful, ethical, lingerie brand, who not only use solely Peace Silk - cruelty-free, non-violent silk breeding and harvesting - but crucially pride themselves on always looking for ways to minimise the environmental impact of products, and supporting the ethical treatment of workers in their supply chain. Start Shopping.Mar 22, 2023 ... The Best Sustainable Women's Fashion Brands to Support for Earth Month and Beyond · 2. Chloé. Chloé became the first luxury fashion house to ...SamsaraWear is an ethical clothing brand in the UK that makes organic alternative fashion with delicate lines and a feminine look. It offers a wide range of practical, easy-to-wear, comfortable alternative clothing. SamsaraWear sells eco-friendly, flattering, and unique designs made from organic and recycled fabrics.15 Sustainable and Ethical Fashion Brands in Hong Kong. 1. Basics for Basics. Established by Kayla Wong, Basics for Basics is driven to minimise fashion’s carbon footprint, using surplus fabrics and organic cotton to create simple essentials ranging from graphic T-shirts, Sunday dresses and tank tops to hoodies and sweaters.Estimated value of the ethical fashion market worldwide from 2022 to 2027 (in million U.S. dollars) ... Premium Statistic Frequency consumers check brands' sustainability practices in selected ...In celebration of this, we put together this guide to 21 of our favorite established and up-and-coming ethical and sustainable fashion brands you can keep an eye out …Wolf and Badger is a British brand that has been making waves in the fashion industry in recent years. Founded in 2010 by brothers Henry and George Graham, Wolf and Badger is a uni...The brand is committed to cruelty-free fashion, with vegan ranges on offer. Taking an ethical approach, it supports supply chain traceability and is GOTS certified. Available with next or same day delivery in the UK through Farfetch.Why we love them: A leader in ethical practices, Patagonia was the founding member of 1% for the Planet. Product range: Best eco friendly brand for men’s and women’s adventure gear, casual wear, outerwear, sustainable swimwear, and eco friendly luggage and bags. Available: Patagonia. 18. tiktok promotelemonade concentrate These ethical fashion brands thrive on creating utterly unique ensembles wrapped in eco-friendly practices to minimize fashion’s environmental impact. Whether you are a pro or a newbie to the ethical shopping game, one thing is sure. Our choices matter! In a world where the fashion industry is the second-largest polluter (right after the oil ... how to watch nhl games Our Top Picks of Ethical Clothing Brands in New Zealand 2023. Following is a curated list of some in-demand ethical clothing brands in New Zealand selling ethical fashion worth spending your money on! …For more information on how we choose the brands for the directory, send us an email. Dressember Foundation. [email protected]. Hours. Join Our Mailing List. Email Address. SIGN UP. Thank you for supporting the fight to end human trafficking!Ethical fashion is concerned with social impact and the ethics behind a brand’s label (though again, the term “ethics” here is vague). The phrase, which was …In this guide, we investigate, score and rank the ethical and environmental record of 44 high-street brands. We also look at the problem with fast-fashion, workers' rights, shine a light on the ethics of Boohoo and Shein, and give some recommended buys. By Alex Crumbie Last updated: Wednesday 18th of August 2021.Everlane. Everlane is perhaps one of the most popular sustainable fashion brands, and for good reason. The brand’s commitment to transparency allows consumers to research the ins and outs and ...Google fires a leading researcher, Stripe launches a new banking service and WarnerMedia shakes up the theatrical business model. This is your Daily Crunch for December 3, 2020. Th...Gudrun Sjödén is a renowned clothing brand that has gained recognition for its unique designs, vibrant colors, and commitment to ethical practices. With a strong focus on sustainab...Many consumers are aware that when fashion brands sell new items with a tiny price tag, it’s a warning that ethics were probably compromised somewhere along the line. ... Our guide to Ethical Clothing Brands provides the A-Z of the leading ethical brands, including those that sell second-hand, use organic materials, and are fairly traded ...The 2022 Ethical Fashion Report, which assessed 581 brands across 120 fashion companies, scrutinised living wages, forced labour and human rights, as well as the origins of raw materials and ...Aug 16, 2021 ... Today I'm sharing the 10 most affordable sustainable fashion brands so that you can quit fast fashion without breaking the bank.About MagicLinen. Price Range: $20–$149 MagicLinen has alchemized sustainable, ethical fashion.. Through Lithuanian stone-washed linen, the not fast fashion brand produces exceptional tops, …Herne Hill. Best for clothes to warm your cockles. Lowie began life in 2002 as a knitwear brand, but these days it’s a mini ethical empire, stocking the best in hip, sustainable womenswear ...Prices: $20-$70. PACT is a leading sustainable fashion brand using organic fabrics and Fair Trade factories to design stylish essential clothing. It creates ethical apparel for women, men, kids, and babies. PACT offers a change you can wear, organic cotton clothing, and home goods, sustainably and ethically made.Arrow + Phoenix. Established in 2012, Arrow + Phoenix is a 90’s influenced sustainable swimwear line based in Los Angeles. It focuses on diversity and size inclusivity with bra cups ranging from A-H. The brand’s designs are made out of ECONYL, an Italian eco-luxe fiber made from regenerated nylon. antique stores nashvillechildrens party ideas near me Sep 17, 2023 · Last on our list of the most sustainable fashion brands, Stella McCartney’s commitment to advocating for sustainable and ethical fashion has made it one of the eco-friendliest luxury brands on the market. The fashion label has long been using eco-conscious materials, non-toxic dyes and polyester recycled from plastic bottles. Last Updated on October 24, 2023 . Unfortunately sustainable and ethical brands offering plus size clothing is still a niche within a niche (learn more and join the discussion about why there is a lack of size inclusivity in sustainable fashion), however there are some beautiful slow fashion brands offering conscious clothing for all sizes!. I’ve compiled …About MagicLinen. Price Range: $20–$149 MagicLinen has alchemized sustainable, ethical fashion.. Through Lithuanian stone-washed linen, the not fast fashion brand produces exceptional tops, …Our Top Picks of Ethical Clothing Brands in New Zealand 2023. Following is a curated list of some in-demand ethical clothing brands in New Zealand selling ethical fashion worth spending your money on! …For more information on how we choose the brands for the directory, send us an email. Dressember Foundation. [email protected]. Hours. Join Our Mailing List. Email Address. SIGN UP. Thank you for supporting the fight to end human trafficking!Jan 2, 2024 · 21. Topshop. Topshop is a British fast-fashion brand owned by ASOS and it is yet another brand we should stay away from. In 2010, many demonstrations took place in the United Kingdom to protest against Topshop’s owner, Philip Green, who deliberately avoided paying hundreds of millions of pounds in tax. grand harvest solitaire coins Sep 21, 2023 · Rated: Good. Baukjen is a London-based womenswear brand, with a focus on more ethical and sustainable style. Its clothes are designed for you, and designed for good. The brand uses lower-impact materials including recycled materials, which helps limit the amount of chemicals, water, and wastewater used in production. 18 Waits – menswear, made in Canada. Alder – sustainable women’s active & outdoor clothing (offers plus sizes) Allison Wonderland – womenswear, eco-friendly line “Pillar”, made in Canada. Ana + Zac – men’s and women’s knitwear, lounge, and underwear. Ang Hill – women’s clothing, made in Canada.Rated: Good. Groceries Apparel is a California-based fashion brand that uses discarded food scraps, including carrot tops, pomegranate rinds, used coffee grounds, avocado seeds, onions skins, roots, plants, and flowers to create organic and non-toxic wardrobe essentials. Find most items in sizes XS-3XL. See the rating. salmon rawwoodford reserve tours With its mission to end poverty, Baptist World Aid Australia has published the Ethical Fashion Guide since 2013. As one of Australia’s leading publications on ethical fashion, the Ethical Fashion Guide helps consumers make better choices based on thorough data from almost 100 companies representing more than 400 brands.The Top Ethical and Sustainable Fashion Brands In One Place Search through thousands of products from Europe's most sustainable clothing brands. Or Select A Brand . Affandjam; Alice Early; Alohas; Anekdot Boutique; Apparis; Arkitaip; Armed Angels; Aspiga; Bad Habits; Bamboo Clothing; Batoko; Baukjen; Be Flamboyant; Beaumont …Are you a fashion enthusiast looking to add some high-end designer handbags to your collection without breaking the bank? Look no further. In this article, we will explore some val... mens rugged fashion Meet the top 10% of fashion brands in ethics and sustainability. How we rate. Filters. Sort by. Outerknown. “Sustainably made casual attire” $$ Shop Outerknown. Adelante Made …REER3. Rated: Good. Founded by a Brazilian-born fashion designer and artist based in Germany, REER3 stands for slow fashion streetwear in a reduced design, produced more sustainably. It uses lower-impact dyes and materials such as organically grown, GOTS certified cotton and recycled polyester, and it's 100% vegan.21 Ethical and Sustainable Fashion Brands to Watch in 2022. Image Credit: Christy Dawn. Reality check: Fashion as we know it thrives on trends, novelty, and consumption. And due to 1) our complex supply chains, 2) modern technology enabling mindless mass production, 3) the wide-spread use of fibers, dyes and chemicals we may …Almasanta. Carefully selected by their stylists, Almasanta is a collection of ethical clothing brands from all over the world. Through product, packaging, transparency, communication and their co-operation, they try to be 100% eco-friendly. Line: Women’s clothes, gym wear, Lingerie and accessories. Price: ££.Many consumers are aware that when fashion brands sell new items with a tiny price tag, it’s a warning that ethics were probably compromised somewhere along the line. ... Our guide to Ethical Clothing Brands provides the A-Z of the leading ethical brands, including those that sell second-hand, use organic materials, and are fairly traded ... story worthwhat is a good gas mileage Prices: $30-$80. Psylo is an ethical goth clothing brand that makes alternative clothing styles carrying various elements from gothic clothes. It designs bold, edgy, rebel, and punk fashion for women and men. Psylo has a multinational design team …It uses GOTS certified organic cotton and repurposed fabrics to create environmentally and ethically responsible products. 6. Kaleidoscope By Mimi. Kaleidoscope By Mimi is an ethical fashion label from the UAE that creates socially conscious clothing for women of …equaland trust fashionは、名前の通り「ファッションの信用」をテーマとしたブランド展開を行う。 伝統技術を活かしたエシカル素材を使用。 販売される衣服には「信用タグ」が付いており、綿花生産者から製造業者、デザイナーなど、衣服づくりにかかわる ...Dec 27, 2023 ... From Fairtrade to B Corp, these ethical certifications and labels are bringing sustainability and transparency to the fashion industry. · 1.106. January 2, 2023. Sustainable Fashion 101. Ethical Clothing Brands, Ethical Fashion, Garment Workers, is made in america ethical, Made in the USA, Made in USA. Sweatshop labor & inhumane working conditions exist in clothes made in the USA. Here's how we can make the American fashion industry more ethical. Plus 9 ethical brands made in …Check out these sustainable clothing brands and slow fashion brands from South Africa prioritizing ethical production and eco-conscious practices. Cart 0. ... Me&B is a mother-daughter run ethical fashion brand based in the heart of Cape Town. Mother-daughter duo Betina Swart and Kelly Gibberd started Me&B in 2018 to shake up the …Veja is a French brand designing ecological and fair trade footwear, and is also a responsible fashion pioneer. The brand uses lower-impact materials, like GOTS certified cotton and vegetable-tanned leather. Veja pays its co-operative cotton growers and rubber tappers between 30% and 100% above the world market price.Prices: $20-$70. PACT is a leading sustainable fashion brand using organic fabrics and Fair Trade factories to design stylish essential clothing. It creates ethical apparel for women, men, kids, and babies. PACT offers a change you can wear, organic cotton clothing, and home goods, sustainably and ethically made.Herne Hill. Best for clothes to warm your cockles. Lowie began life in 2002 as a knitwear brand, but these days it’s a mini ethical empire, stocking the best in hip, sustainable womenswear ...Lily Ella is a clothing brand that has gained popularity in recent years due to its sustainable practices. The brand is committed to producing high-quality clothing items that are ...If you’re from the UK, you might be wondering which clothing brands are more ethical and sustainable and worth your support. Here are 34 local and responsibly-made brands making waves in the British and …Rated: Great. Outland Denim makes premium denim jeans and clothes, and offers employment opportunities for women rescued from human trafficking in Cambodia. …Mar 4, 2020 · 12. REI Co-op. REI Co-op uses sustainable fabrics and packaging, responsible Bluesign dyeing, and fair labor to produce outdoor gear and clothing for the whole family. REI has been around since ... Arrow + Phoenix. Established in 2012, Arrow + Phoenix is a 90’s influenced sustainable swimwear line based in Los Angeles. It focuses on diversity and size inclusivity with bra cups ranging from A-H. The brand’s designs are made out of ECONYL, an Italian eco-luxe fiber made from regenerated nylon.View full post on Instagram. On average, it takes 1,500 gallons of water to produce one pair of jeans – but New York denim brand DL1961 is on a mission to change this for good. Using 'waterless ...View full post on Instagram. On average, it takes 1,500 gallons of water to produce one pair of jeans – but New York denim brand DL1961 is on a mission to change this for good. Using 'waterless ...Arrow + Phoenix. Established in 2012, Arrow + Phoenix is a 90’s influenced sustainable swimwear line based in Los Angeles. It focuses on diversity and size inclusivity with bra cups ranging from A-H. The brand’s designs are made out of ECONYL, an Italian eco-luxe fiber made from regenerated nylon. king mattress vs california kingprofessional makeup artist Jan 10, 2021 ... 1. @omi.na.na is a UK brand behind B E A U T I F U L sustainable statement pieces that surprise every time. I really love how their Instagram ...Jan 17, 2024 · 7. Amour Vert. About: Amour Vert is a sustainable fashion brand that makes classic staples like striped t-shirts in classic colors like navy, white, black, heather gray, and more. Best for: sustainable clothing and accessories for women, think sustainable dresses, men's eco clothing, and ethical winter coats. artistic careers Many fashion brands, designers, entrepreneurs, and organizations are promoting second-hand clothing as a solution to the fashion industry's disastrous impact. Even Walmart just partnered with ThredUp to offer second-hand clothing on its website. It's a fantastic step towards sustainable and ethical fashion.View full post on Instagram. On average, it takes 1,500 gallons of water to produce one pair of jeans – but New York denim brand DL1961 is on a mission to change this for good. Using 'waterless ...Zara. This Spanish clothing retailer offers fast-fashion products for adults and children, including clothing, shoes, accessories, swimwear, perfume, and beauty products. In 2017, they offered 20 clothing collections, with …It turns out the fashion industry is quite a wasteful industry, contributing an estimated 13 million tons of textile to landfills per year. One of the ways some startups have helpe...REER3. Rated: Good. Founded by a Brazilian-born fashion designer and artist based in Germany, REER3 stands for slow fashion streetwear in a reduced design, produced more sustainably. It uses lower-impact dyes and materials such as organically grown, GOTS certified cotton and recycled polyester, and it's 100% vegan.Stella McCartney. Rated: Good. A member of the Ethical Trading Initiative and Sustainable Apparel Coalition, Stella McCartney has set some excellent environmental …1. · REFORMATION · 2. · ELVIS AND KRESSE · 3. · RETROSPECCED · 4. · NOCTU ...Victoria Beckham, formerly known as Posh Spice of the Spice Girls, has established herself as a renowned fashion designer and businesswoman in the fashion industry. She has built a...Sustainable and Ethical Fashion can be defined as. Clothing, shoes, and, accessories that are manufactured, marketed, and used in the most sustainable manner possible, taking into account both environmental and socio-economic aspects. In practice, this implies continuous work to improve all stages of the product’s life cycle, from design, …Closing Thoughts On Ethical & Sustainable Clothing Brands. Choosing sustainable and ethical alternative clothing brands is one way to ensure a more ethical and eco-friendly lifestyle. As the opinion of fast fashion continues to shift, these conscious clothing brands show how to have stylish, well-made clothes that needn’t cost the earth.Ethical fashion brands that put the welfare of animals, people, and the planet first are needed now more than ever. As fast fashion poisons workers, water resources, and “nearly three-fifths of all clothing produced ends up in incinerators or landfills within years of being made”, we need creative change-makers who can realise durable …Megan Huntz is a sustainable clothing brand and fashion designer that offers contemporary and timeless apparel ethically made in the USA for the modern woman. Megan Huntz uses organic materials such as linen to create luxurious, 100% natural dresses, sweatshirts, blazers, tops, and many other premium wardrobe-essentials.Jul 9, 2022 ... Six ethical and sustainable fashion brands and platforms from the region · The Giving Movement · Sadeem · Wild Fabrik · Lea the Label &m...10) Tentree. Recycling your clothes is made ten times better with Tentree and SuperCircle. With SuperCircle, Tentree launched their circularity program in 2022, which …As of April 2015, Athletic Works brand clothing is only found through third-party resale sites such as Amazon.com, eBay and Swap.com. Formerly one of Wal-Mart’s exclusive brands, i...Jan 17, 2024 · 7. Amour Vert. About: Amour Vert is a sustainable fashion brand that makes classic staples like striped t-shirts in classic colors like navy, white, black, heather gray, and more. Best for: sustainable clothing and accessories for women, think sustainable dresses, men's eco clothing, and ethical winter coats. Shop sustainable fashion brands like Madewell, Reformation, REI, and Outdoor Voices, all of whom employ sustainable clothing-making practices. ... ABLE is an ethical brand that employs, empowers ...Find ethical and eco-friendly clothing brands for every style and budget, from basics to luxury. Learn about their certifications, materials, production, and social impact.Life; Sustainability; News Best sustainable clothing brands: 30 fashion-editor-approved labels to have on your radar. Shop the brands doing their bit to build a better tomorrow.Ethical Clothing Brands. These brands want you to know who spun your yarn, dyed your fabric, and stitched your clothing. Discover a diverse range of ethically made clothing brands that ensure the people who made …7. Ninety Percent. Based in: UK Price range: € – €€ Materials: organic and recycled cotton, linen, hemp, modal, Tencel, ethical wool Men’s: no Ninety Percent creates stylish, on-trend womenswear – from dresses to sleepwear. The brand shares 90% of its distributable profits between its workers and charitable causes and even invites …A list of Fashion Fashion Brands to Avoid & Why. & our Brand Directoryis home to hundreds more brands all organized by categories. Now, 50 Sustainable … wineries with live musicmicrosoft password manager Mar 11, 2024 · Rated: Good. Australian brand Bhumi makes 100% Fairtrade, organic, and vegan basics and bedding. The brand believes in sustainable luxury, paving the way for a new era in the textile industry by choosing fairtrade organic fabrics for all of its products. Find the clothes in sizes XS-XL. See the rating. Mar 15, 2021 · 4. Tact & Stone. Created by Landon Nash, Tact & Stone is a brand born from Nash’s desire to fill a gap in the sustainable marketplace. Before he started his brand, Nash wanted sustainable, high-end basics that could function as office wear or put-together, semi-professional looks. Sustainable fashion. Sustainable fashion builds on the concept of sustainable development, which the UN defined in 1987 as “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. The intended meaning of the term sustainable fashion is often noble.In the ever-evolving world of fashion, content marketing plays a crucial role in engaging with audiences and building brand awareness. One way fashion brands and websites achieve t...Many consumers are aware that when fashion brands sell new items with a tiny price tag, it’s a warning that ethics were probably compromised somewhere along the line. ... Our guide to Ethical Clothing Brands provides the A-Z of the leading ethical brands, including those that sell second-hand, use organic materials, and are fairly traded ... how many years for a bachelor's degree Which are the real ethical clothing brands? Ethical ratings for 24 UK ethical clothes brands, with Best Buy recommendations. See how brands rate on key areas including …Shop sustainable fashion brands like Madewell, Reformation, REI, and Outdoor Voices, all of whom employ sustainable clothing-making practices. ... ABLE is an ethical brand that employs, empowers ...Gudrun Sjödén is a renowned clothing brand that has gained recognition for its unique designs, vibrant colors, and commitment to ethical practices. With a strong focus on sustainab... inexpensive online mba programspatriot funding bbb ---2